Underwater Exploration

Christiana Mine

On the 31st of October 2020 our team visited the central gallery of Hilarion in the area of Agios Konstantinos. Under the guidance of experienced mine explorers Hercules Katsaros, Nikos Leloudas, and Aggeliki Kosma the team covered a distance of 5km into the mine.

Christiana mine is part of the mining system of the French Lavrio Mining Company in the area of Kamariza. The entrance of our visit was from the Hilarion mining gallery and we arrived at the Christiana Mine located in the Markati area, walking a distance of about 5 kilometers of mining galleries to explore the “underground” river which is situated at the third metalliferous contact and at a depth of more than 150 meters. Work on the site took place during the late 1800s and early 1900s.

It took the team over two and a half hours to reach their final destination. Walking through difficult muddy terrain, partly flooded corridors, and narrow passages whilst at the same time carrying the essential diving gear needed for this exploration. All in all it took over eight hours of effort by a team of eight people to reach the flooded sections and exit from the mine.

Underwater two adjacent but separate flooded openings were investigated. One diver located a small shaft of approximately 10 meters in length which ended at a very narrow opening, too small for a diver to push through without removing the tanks. The restriction size, poor visibility caused by the silt, and not knowing what is behind this restriction (i.e. if the diver has enough room to turn and exit) makes venturing through this opening extremely risky. There is another entrance to a flooded section located close by, however, a ladder would be needed to get the divers to reach this point safely. The divers assessed the situation and determined it would be extremely dangerous to attempt to conduct a dive given the current circumstances.

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The Teams:

Addicted2h2o: https://addicted2h2o.com

GreekGate: https://www.facebook.com/PyleEllenikonArchaiologikonIstorikonSpoudon/

Sources:
-Lavrio Historical-Technological Cultural Park (www.Itp.ntua.gr/home_en)
-The Archaeological Guide of Thorikos (Ministry of Culture)
-https://el.wikipedia.org

Historical Research:
Hercules Katsaros
Nikos Leloudas

Support & Logistics:
Hercules Katsaros
Kostas Efthimiadis
Aggeliki Kosma
Nikos Leloudas
Mary Fotiadi
George Kafantaris

Mine Divers:
Erikos Kranidiotis
Stelios Stamatakis

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